Fondazione De Benedetti Cherasco 1547 Onlus

Historical references

70 The Emperor Titus destroys the Temple in Jerusalem

1215 The IV Lateran Council determines that Jews have to live in a separate quarter

1394 The Jews are expelled from Germany and France some arrive in northern Italy

1492 The king of Spain Ferdinand I the Catholic, expels the Jews from Spain and Portugal many take refuge in Italy

1516 The Ghetto of Venice is established

1555 With the Papal bull “cum nimis absurdum” Paolo IV established that Jews had to live closed within Ghettos, there could be no more than one synagogue within each ghetto, Jews could not own land, they could sell only used goods, and they had to wear a distinguishing sign.

1679 In Turin the Duchess Maria Giovanna of Nemours instituted the Ghetto

1723 Victor Amadeo II established that all Jews in Piedmont had to be closed in ghettos

1798 With the temporary government of the Kingdom of Sardinia, established by the French” the Jews experienced their first emancipation” in which the complete recognition of civil and political rights of all citizens independently of their religious faith was sanctioned

1799 The Austrio  Rusian forces entered Turin with the subsequent reinstatement of the earlier restrictions of Jewish freedom and rights

1800 The battle of Marengo and the liberation of Piedmont by the French.The Jews returned to freedom for 15 years

1814 Emmanuelle I, King of Sardinia after the defeat of Napoleon, the equality of rights were annulled and the obligation for the Jews to reside in the ghetto was restored

1848 By Royal Decree Jews were recognized as citizens with all the rights and obligations of citizenship.

1938 Promulgation of the Racial Laws and first decrees of anti-Jewish laws in Italy

1943 The deportation of Jews to Nazi concentration camps began, over 8000 Italian Jews were sent to the Lagers.

1948 The state of Israel is born